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The gag reflex: it can interfere while in the dentist's chair, upon seeing another person throw up, or even just getting a whiff of a disgusting, stomach-twisting scent. Every time this reflex kicks in, it stops us immediately, inducing a choking, gagging, coughing fit.To get control over your throat and stop your gag reflex whenever it pops up, all you have to do is put a little pressure on your skin. Why Gag Reflexes HappenThough we might assume our gag reflex kicks in due to a sensitive spot in our mouths and throats, the source of the problem is actually psychological.

As a pair of researchers discovered, we revert to gagging both automatically and whenever we think we should do so. Image viaIn a conducted by Bangladesh researchers Shriprasad Sarapur and Shilpashree H.S., the gag reflex is explained in two ways: physiological and psychological. The first is what makes it a true reflex. When something slides too far down our throat, we react by immediately trying to expel the invading force. We react psychologically, however, when it comes to scenarios like vomit. When someone else pukes and we're there to watch, we immediately feel our throat muscles contract —and it's also disgusting.Although it can be problematic and unpleasant, researchers Sarapur and Shilpashree note that both forms of the gag reflex are both normal and protective. Our body reacts in such a way to prevent foreign objects that are potentially harmful from entering through the throat.

Whether triggered via touch, sight, sound, or scent, all gag reflexes are simply an attempt to keep us safe. Squeeze Your Thumb to Ease Gag ReflexesGetting over your gag reflex is most commonly attempted through this method: a tough thumb-squeeze.

Widely circulated online, this trick is one that has its roots in science. Image viaAs Lifehacker, a strong gag reflex can be countered and distracted by encircling your left thumb in a fist—and it works quickly. In a 2008 study, researchers examining new ways to prevent gag reflexes from interfering with dental work discovered that participants who gripped their left thumb in a tight fist (made by the fingers of the same hand) were immediately soothed.Application of the trick varies, but in the years since 2008 the thumb and fist trick has gained popularity. The pressure placed upon that thumb is distracting enough to take your mind off of the invading tool at hand and ease the throat muscles, making dental work—and any other gag-inducing work—easier to perform.

Or Apply Pressure to Your Hegu PointAccording to the same Lifehacker-reported study, moving the pressure you place on your thumb can have the same effects on the gag reflex. In fact, by shifting the placement of pressure on the hand, you can hold off the gag reflex and endure even deeper intrusion into the throat. Hegu point: the concave area between the first and second metacarpal bones. Image via UnknownThe Hegu point, or the concave soft point between your thumb and index finger, is the perfect place to apply pressure when faced with a strong gag reflex. Press down on this fleshy spot, and gradually increase the pressure.

Researchers found that patients who couldn't quite fight their gag reflex during dental impressions were calmed and more tolerant.An additional research study, conducted by the same Bangladesh team mentioned before, also suggests pressing the Hegu point. Known as an 'acupuncture cave,' this spot makes patients able to tolerate uncomfortable dental procedures of anywhere from five to 20 minutes. If your skin starts feeling the pain of the pressure, though, your gag reflex will be on the verge of return.The Hegu point is also known to relieve headaches. For more information, see Yumi's guide, '.' Or Press Between Your Chin & Lower LipFinally, if your hands aren't helping you to reduce the prominence of the gag reflex, you might want to turn to your face. In the same research study mention above, Shriprasad Sarapur and Shilpashree H.S. Found that an additional acupressure point between the chin and lower lip works equally well.

Chengjiang (REN-24) point: located in the horizontal mentolabial groove approximately midway between chin and lower lip. Image viaThe researchers suggest placing your finger on the groove resting just above the chin and underneath your lower lip. This small indent, when pressure is applied, reduces the gag reflex—but it was also found to increase discomfort.

When pressed, pain relocates to and focuses on this facial groove, taking the mind off of whatever is happening internally. Though it allows dental work, and dissuaded any gag reflex issues, it was the most painful option for participants. It's All About Distracting Your Throat MusclesThe key to getting past a gag reflex isn't practice, or repeated introduction. Instead, it's more psychological. When we relocate the pressure we feel in our throats elsewhere in the body, we are better able to endure the discomfort of the throat—no matter what intrusion occurs.While you're stuck at home, make the most of your time by learning a new, or even with our new premium online courses.Cover image via.

Project Team Roles and Responsibilities NMU’s Information Technology (IT) department believes that a successful project requires the creation and active participation of a project team. Specifying the roles and responsibilities of project team members helps to ensure consistent levels of accountability for each project. PROJECT SPONSOR. Construction Project Management provides a thorough understanding of construction project management techniques with the help of various concepts, practical insight, real-life examples and skills to execute large and small projects.Broadly, this comprehensive book is organized in5 parts:? Introducing Construction.

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It's not easy to find a truly free PDF editor that lets you not only edit and add text but also change images, add your own graphics, sign your name, fill out forms, etc. Below, however, is a list of exactly what you're looking for.

Some of these are online PDF editors that work right in your web browser, so all you have to do is upload your PDF file to the website, make the changes you want, and then save it back to your computer. That's ​the quick way—but do bear in mind that, typically, an online editor isn't as fully featured as its desktop counterpart, plus the file is exposed to the internet (which might be of concern if it contains sensitive content).

Because not all of these free PDF editors support the same features, and some are restricted in what you can do, remember that you can process the same PDF in more than one tool. For example, use one to edit the PDF text (if that's supported), and then put the same PDF through a different editor to do something supported in that program (for example, to edit a form, update an image, or remove a page).

If you don't need to change the contents of the PDF but instead just need to change it to another file format (such as .docx for Microsoft Word or .epub for an eBook), see our list of free document converters for help. On the other hand, if you have a file you created yourself that you want to save as a PDF file, learn How to Print to PDF.

Microsoft Word: A Top Choice

If you already own Microsoft Word 2019, 2016, or 2013, then skip all the suggested programs below: you have a great PDF editor at your disposal right now. Just open the PDF as you would any Word document, give the program a few minutes to convert the PDF, and then edit away. Legion world boss tracker.

Sejda PDF Editor

What We Like

• Lets you load PDFs from other websites

• Supports adding hyperlinks

• Includes a signature tool

• Lets you insert blank pages into the PDF

• Can remove pages from the PDF

• Supports whiting out parts of the page

• Can insert images and shapes into the PDF

What We Don't Like

• Can be used on only three PDFs every hour

• Limited to PDFs with fewer than 200 pages

• Doesn't edit PDFs larger than 50 MB

Sejda PDF Editor is one of the very few PDF editors that actually lets you edit pre-existing text in the PDF without adding a watermark. Most editors only let you edit the text you add yourself, or they support text editing but then throw watermarks all over the place.

Plus, this tool can run entirely in your web browser, so it's easy to get going without having to download any programs. You can get the desktop version if you'd rather use it that way.

There are some differences between the online and desktop versions that you should know about. For example, the desktop edition supports more font types and doesn't let you add PDFs by URL or from online storage services as the online editor does (which supports Dropbox and Google Drive).

Another neat feature is the web integration tool that lets PDF publishers provide a link for their users that they can simply click to automatically open the file in this online PDF editor.

All uploaded files are automatically deleted from Sejda after two hours.

This online PDF editor works no matter which operating system you use. Sejda PDF Desktop runs on Windows, macOS, and Linux.

You can use both the online and desktop versions to convert a PDF to a Word doc or a Word doc to PDF. Open the Tools section in either program to find that option.

Inkscape

What We Like

• Can edit PDF text

• Supports manipulating graphics

• Includes lots of image-editing tools

What We Don't Like

• The number of graphics-editing tools can be overwhelming

Inkscape is an extremely popular free image viewer and editor, but it also includes PDF editing functions that most dedicated PDF editors support only in their paid editions.

Inkscape is a very capable image editing program. If you're not already familiar with programs like GIMP, Adobe Photoshop, and other image editors, however, it's probably a bit advanced for you.

In the context of PDF editing, though, you should consider Inkscape only if you want to delete or edit the images or text in the PDF. We suggest you use a different tool in this list to edit PDF forms or add shapes and then plug that PDF into Inkscape if you need to actually edit the preexisting text.

PDFescape Online PDF Editor

What We Like

• Works online through your web browser

• Includes lots of tools

• Lets you add your own text and images

• Can delete and add PDF pages

What We Don't Like

• Can't edit existing text

• Doesn't edit large PDFs

PDFescape has quite a lot of features. It's free as long as the PDF doesn't exceed 100 pages or 10 MB.

You can't truly change text or edit images using this editor, but you can add your own text, images, links, form fields, etc.

The text tool is very customizable so that you can pick your own size, font type, color, alignment, and apply effects such as bolding, underlining, and italics.

You also can draw on the PDF, add sticky notes, strikethrough text, put white space over anything you want to disappear, and insert lines, checkmarks, arrows, ovals, circles, rectangles, and comments.

PDFescape lets you delete individual pages from the PDF, rotate pages, crop out parts of a page, reorganize the order of the pages, and add more pages from other PDFs.

You can upload your own PDF file, paste the URL to an online PDF, and make your own PDF from scratch.

When finished editing, you can download the PDF to your computer without ever having to make a user account. You need one only if you want to save your progress online without downloading the PDF.

The online version of PDFescape works in all operating systems. There's also an offline PDF editor called PDFescape Desktop, but it isn't free and runs on Windows 7 and newer versions of Windows.

PDF-XChange Editor

What We Like

• Uses OCR to identify the text in the PDF

• Can import a variety of shapes and images

• Supports adding QR codes to the PDF

• Offers a portable version

What We Don't Like

• Many features require a license

• Works with Windows only

PDF-XChange Editor offers some great tools, but not all of them are free to use. If you use a non-free feature, the PDF will save with a watermark on every page.

If you stick to just the free features, however, you can still do some editing to the file and save it back to your computer.

You can load PDFs from your computer, a URL, SharePoint, Google Drive, and Dropbox. You can save the edited PDF back to your computer or to any of those cloud storage services.

The PDF-XChange Editor program has lots of features, so it might seem overwhelming at first. All of the options and tools are simple to understand, however, and they're categorized into their own sections for easier management.

One nice feature is the ability to highlight all the form fields so that you can easily spot where you need to fill in. This is really helpful if you're editing a PDF with lots of forms, such as an application.

Although the free version puts watermarks on your edited documents, this program does let you edit existing text, add your own text to the PDF, and add or delete pages from the document.

You can download this program in portable mode to use on a flash drive or as a regular installer.

Many of the features are free, but some are not. If you use a feature that's not covered by the free version (you're told which features are not free when you use them), the saved PDF file will have a watermark attached to the corner of every page.

Windows 10, Windows 8, and Windows 7 users can install PDF-XChange Editor.

Smallpdf Online PDF Editor

What We Like

• Is completely free

• Lets you add more text to the PDF

• Can put white space over areas you want to erase

• Supports importing shapes

• Can load and save PDFs from various sources

What We Don't Like

• Doesn't let you edit existing text

• Only two PDFs can be edited every hour

One of the quickest ways to add images, text, shapes, or your signature to a PDF is with Smallpdf.

This website allows you to upload a PDF, make changes to it, and then save it back to your computer all without needing to make a user account or pay for any anti-watermarking features.

You can open and/or save your PDF to your Dropbox or Google Drive account, too, in addition to your computer.

You can import three shapes into a PDF with Smallpdf: a square, circle, or arrow. You can change the object's main color and line color, as well as the thickness of its edge.

Text size can be tiny, small, normal, large, or huge, but only three font types are available. You can change the color of any text you add.

When finished editing the PDF, just hit the FINISH button and then decide where you want it saved; you can even generate a share link. You can also run the edited PDF through Smallpdf's PDF splitter tool if you want to extract the pages from the document.

If you edit two PDFs within an hour, you have to upgrade to Smallpdf Pro if you want to keep using the website. Or, you can wait an hour to edit another.

Smallpdf works with all operating systems that support a modern web browser.

FormSwift's Free PDF Editor

What We Like

• Everything is free

• Doesn't leave a watermark

• Can erase or redact existing text and images with white or black space

• Lets you insert your own images

• Can add your own custom text to the PDF

• Circles, checkmarks, and 'x' icons can be placed over any text

• Supports highlighting anything on the page

• Easy typing, drawing, and signing

What We Don't Like

• Cannot edit existing text

• No easy-to-access undo button (but you can delete what you've done)

• Can upload PDFs only from your computer (not from other places such as Google Drive or Dropbox)

• Must make a user account to save the PDF

FormSwift's Free PDF Editor is a very simple online PDF editor that you can start using without even making a user account.

It's as simple as uploading your PDF file to the website and using the menus at the top of the page to quickly perform some basic PDF editing functions before downloading it back to your computer.

When you're done editing the PDF, you can download the file as a PDF file, print it directly to your printer, or save the PDF as a Microsoft Word .docx document.

The .pdf-to-.docx conversion didn't work for every PDF that we tried, but in those that did convert successfully, the images were formatted nicely and the text was fully editable.

Another feature offered by FormSwift at formswift.com/snap lets you quickly edit or sign PDFs from your phone by taking a picture of a document. You can then share or download the PDF when you're done. It's not perfect: Most things done through a web app are spotty. It does work, however, with a little patience.

You can upload Word documents and images to FormSwift, too, if you need to edit those instead of a PDF.

All operating systems can use this PDF editor since it works online.

PDFelement Pro

What We Like

• Lets you edit the PDF's text directly

• Supports adding images, links, and custom watermarks

• The background of the PDF pages can be edited

• Headers and footers can be included in the PDF

• Download work permit application form. Supports combining several PDFs into one

• PDF pages can be cropped

• Supports OCR

• Can insert, extract, delete, and rotate PDF pages

• Editing embedded forms is easy

• Can password-protect the PDF

What We Don't Like

• Free version places a watermark on the PDF

Construction Project Management By Chitkara Pdf Editor Pc

PDFelement Pro, just as the name sounds, is free but with a major limitation: It places a watermark on every page of the PDF. That being said, the watermark doesn't cover much of the page, and it's important to realize that it supports some truly great PDF editing features.

This program would be a truly free PDF editor if it weren't for the fact that the free edition will not save without first putting a watermark on every single page of the PDF.

Depending on what you'll use the PDF for, however, the features it supports might be enough for you to consider living with the watermarks.

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